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Three separate but related recalls of automobiles by Toyota Motor Corporation occurred at the end of 2009 and start of 2010. Toyota initiated the recalls, the first two with the assistance of the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), after reports that several vehicles experienced unintended acceleration. The first recall, on November 2, 2009, was to correct a possible incursion of an incorrect or out-of-place front driver's side floor mat into the foot pedal well, which can cause pedal entrapment. The second recall, on January 21, 2010, was begun after some crashes were shown not to have been caused by floor mat incursion. This latter defect was identified as a possible mechanical sticking of the accelerator pedal causing unintended acceleration, referred to as ''Sticking Accelerator Pedal'' by Toyota. The original action was initiated by Toyota in their ''Defect Information Report'', dated October 5, 2009, amended January 27, 2010. Following the floor mat and accelerator pedal recalls, Toyota also issued a separate recall for hybrid anti-lock brake software in February 2010.〔 As of January 28, 2010, Toyota had announced recalls of approximately 5.2 million vehicles for the pedal entrapment/floor mat problem, and an additional 2.3 million vehicles for the accelerator pedal problem. Approximately 1.7 million vehicles are subject to both.〔Toyota USA Newsroom (Toyota Files Voluntary Safety Recall on Select Toyota Division Vehicles for Sticking Accelerator Pedal )〕 Certain related Lexus and Pontiac models were also affected.〔 The next day, Toyota widened the recall to include 1.8 million vehicles in Europe and 75,000 in China.〔 By then, the worldwide total number of cars recalled by Toyota stood at 9 million. Sales of multiple recalled models were suspended for several weeks as a result of the accelerator pedal recall,〔 with the vehicles awaiting replacement parts. As of January 2010, 21 deaths were alleged due to the pedal problem since 2000, but following the January 28 recall, additional NHTSA complaints brought the alleged total to 37. The number of alleged victims and reported problems sharply increased following the recall announcements, which were heavily covered by U.S. media,〔 although the causes of individual reports were difficult to verify.〔〔〔 Government officials, automotive experts, Toyota, and members of the general public contested the scope of the sudden acceleration issue and the veracity of victim and problem reports.〔〔〔 Various parties attributed sudden unintended acceleration reports to mechanical, electric, and driver error causes.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Toyota Fires Back: Electronics Don't Rewire Themselves )〕 Some US owners that had their recalled vehicles repaired still reported accelerator pedal issues, leading to investigations and the finding of improper repairs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NHTSA:60 unintended acceleration cases post recall fix )〕 The recalls further led to additional NHTSA and Toyota investigations,〔〔 along with multiple lawsuits.〔 On February 8, 2011, the NHTSA, in collaboration with NASA, released its findings into the investigation on the Toyota drive-by-wire throttle system. After a 10-month search, NASA and NHTSA scientists found no electronic defect in Toyota vehicles. Driver error or pedal misapplication was found responsible for most of the incidents. The report ended stating, "Our conclusion is Toyota's problems were mechanical, not electrical." This included sticking accelerator pedals, and pedals caught under floor mats. However, on October 24, 2013, a jury ruled against Toyota and found that unintended acceleration could have been caused due to deficiencies in the drive-by-wire throttle system or Electronic Throttle Control System (ETCS). Michael Barr of the Barr Group testified that NASA had not been able to complete its examination of Toyota's ETCS and that Toyota did not follow best practices for real time life critical software, and that a single bit flip which can be caused by cosmic rays could cause unintended acceleration. As well, the run-time stack of the real-time operating system was not large enough and that it was possible for the stack to grow large enough to overwrite data that could cause unintended acceleration. As a result, Toyota has entered into settlement talks with its plaintiffs. ==Recall timeline== * Sep 26, 2007 – US: 55,000 Toyota Camry and ES 350 cars in "all-weather" floor mat recall.〔 * Nov 02, 2009 – US: 3.8 million Toyota and Lexus vehicles again recalled due to floor mat problem, this time for all driver's side mats.〔 * Nov 26, 2009 – US: floor mat recall amended to include brake override〔 and increased to 4.2 million vehicles. * Jan 21, 2010 – US: 2.3 million Toyota vehicles recalled due to faulty accelerator pedals〔 (of those, 2.1 million already involved in floor mat recall).〔 * Jan 27, 2010 – US: 1.1 million Toyotas added to amended floor mat recall. * Jan 29, 2010 – Europe, China: 1.8 million Toyotas added to faulty accelerator pedal recall.〔 * Feb 08, 2010 – Worldwide: 436,000 hybrid vehicles in brake recall following 200 reports of Prius brake glitches.〔 * Feb 08, 2010 – US: 7,300 model year 2010 Camry vehicles recalled over potential brake tube problems. * Feb 12, 2010 – US: 8,000 MY 2010 4WD Tacoma pick-up trucks recalled over concerns about possible defective front drive shafts. * Apr 16, 2010 – US: 600,000 MY 1998–2010 Toyota Sienna for possible corrosion of spare tire carrier cable. * Apr 19, 2010 – World: 21,000 MY 2010 Toyota Land Cruiser Prado and 13,000 Lexus GX 460 SUV's recalled to reprogram the stability control system.〔 * Apr 28, 2010 – US: 50,000 MY 2003 Toyota Sequoia recalled to reprogram the stability control system.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Toyota Vehicles : Customer FAQs for 2003 Toyota Sequoia Recall / Toyota )〕 * May 21, 2010 – Japan: 4,509, US: 7,000 MY 2010 LS for steering system software update * July 5, 2010 – World: 270,000 Crown and Lexus models for valve springs with potential production issue. * July 29, 2010 – US: 412,000 Avalons and LX 470s for replacement of steering column components. * August 28, 2010 – US & Canada: approximately 1.13 million Toyota Corolla and Toyota Matrix vehicles produced between 2005 and 2008 for Engine Control Modules (ECM) that may have been improperly manufactured. * February 8, 2011 – US: NASA and NHTSA inquiry reveals that there were no electronic faults in Toyota cars that would have caused acceleration issues. However, accelerator pedal entrapments remains a problem.〔 * February 22, 2011 – US: Toyota recalls an additional 2.17 million vehicles for gas pedals that become trapped on floor hardware. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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